The Himalayas in the north, the buildup of the mountain range with some of the highest peaks on Earth was initiated approximately 50-60 million years ago when India’s landmass collided with the enormous Eurasian Plate. India's most striking Geographical Features. India's population is quite diverse with two thousand ethnic groups, four major language families, and more than 120 languages, however, more than 40% of the Indians speak Hindi, besides English, both official languages of the country. 1.36 billion people (in 2019), almost one-fifth of the world's population, live on the Indian subcontinent. India is the second most populated country on the planet. India covers an area of 3,287,263 km², making it the 7th largest country in the world, compared it is about 45% of the size of Australia, about 40% the size of the contiguous USA, or one third the size of Europe. The distance from the country's northern border to it southern coastline is 2,930 km (1,820 mi), and from the west coast of Gujarat to the border with Bangladesh in the east 2,040 km (1,267 mi). India borders Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Nepal, and Pakistan, and it shares maritime borders with Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Maldives.
The peninsula is bounded by the Laccadive Sea (Indian Ocean) in the south, the Arabian Sea in the west, and the Bay of Bengal in the east. The map shows India, officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), a country in South Asia which occupies the best part of the Indian subcontinent. Topographic map of India, the Indian subcontinent and the mountain ranges of the Himalayas.
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